Was Macbeth A Traitor :: essays research papers

'Macbeth had the right beyond words he was absolutely answerable for the double-crossing the Scottish ruler, Duncan, and the Scottish individuals';. Compose an investigative exposition in which you investigate the powers behind Macbeth's killing ways. Macbeth had the right amazing double-crossing the Scottish ruler, Duncan, and the Scottish individuals; be that as it may, he was not absolutely answerable for his activities. Woman Macbeth and the three Witches additionally assumed a significant job. They were answerable for persuading Macbeth to start the arrangement of occasions, which inevitably prompted the obliteration of request in Scotland. When she had gotten updates on the three Witches' predictions, Lady Macbeth was goal that she would in the long run become Queen of Scotland. At first, Macbeth had chosen not to kill Duncan, 'We will continue no further around here'; (Macbeth, Act I, scene vii). Notwithstanding, Lady Macbeth was resolved to proceed with her unique arrangement. She over and over offended Macbeth's masculinity, inciting him to proceed with the designs to kill Duncan, 'When you durst do it, at that point you were a man; and to be more than what you were, you would be a great deal more the man'; (Lady Macbeth, Act I, scene vii). She spoke to Macbeth's 'vaulting desire'; to escalate the impact that the Witches' predictions had on him, 'Incredible Glamis! Commendable Cawdor! More prominent than both, by the all-hail from now on'; (Lady Macbeth, Act I, scene v). She persuaded Macbeth that the prizes of the homicide would far exceed the downsides and clear their inner voice, 'A little water frees us from thi s deed'; (Lady Macbeth, Act I, scene ii). In spite of the fact that Macbeth beyond all doubt adored his ruler, Lady Macbeth yielded such an influential control over him that he was persuaded the Witches' predictions of Duncan's homicide and the subsequent majesty were his legitimate destiny. The three Witches tricked Macbeth by declaring vague predictions, which persuaded that he would be an amazing and cherished ruler. The subsequent spirit, 'Be bleeding, striking, and fearless; giggle to hate The intensity of man, for none of lady conceived will hurt Macbeth'; (a wicked youngster, Act IV, scene I) persuaded that he could never be hurt, as no one alive can be 'none of lady conceived';. Macbeth neglected to understand that the spirit was alluding to Macduff, who was conceived by cesarean. The third ghost, 'Macbeth will never vanquished be until Great Birnam Wood to High Dunsinane slope will come against him'; (a youngster delegated with a tree in his grasp, Act IV, scene I) additionally tricked Macbeth into accepting that he would not be hurt as ruler.

American Federalism Essay Example For Students

American Federalism Essay Federalism, by definition, is the division of government authority between at any rate two degrees of government. In the United States, authority is isolated between the state and national government. Backers of a solid bureaucratic framework accept that the state and neighborhood governments don't have the advancement to manage the serious issues confronting the nation (Encarta.com). Indeed, even before the Constitution was endorsed, solid contention were made by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison in the Federalist Papers asking the incorporation of an administrative type of government to supplant the bombed confederation. In Federalist Paper No. 9 Hamilton expresses, This type of government is a show by which a few littler states consent to become individuals from an enormous one, which they expect to frame. It is s sort of gathering of social orders that establishes another one, equipped for expanding, by methods for new relationship, until they show up to such an extent of intensity as to have the option to accommodate the security of an assembled body (Usinfo.state.gov). The individuals of the United States required a focal government that was fit for holding certain controls over the states. The individuals who expected that the central government would turn out to be too solid were guaranteed by Madison in Federalist No. 14 that in any case it is to be recollected that the general government isn't to be accused of the entire intensity of making and administrating lawsThe subordinate governments, which can stretch out their consideration to every one of those different items which can be independently accommodated, will hold their due power and action (Usinfo.state.gov). The important and legitimate condition was remembered for the Constitution to consider a functioning and amazing government. It is otherwise called the Elastic Clause and fundamentally expressed that the national government had the capacity to pass any law that was important and appropriate to complete national business. John Marshall extended the understanding of the important and appropriate for the most part through the Supreme Court choice in McCulloch v. Maryland. His choice that a state couldn't burden an organization of the national government was by all account not the only result of the legal dispute. Marshall accepted the open door to state that despite the fact that it isn't referenced in the Constitution, the national government has the privilege to contract a national bank (Usinfo.state.gov). The main time of federalism is double federalism. Double federalism is the conviction that having isolated and similarly ground-breaking levels of government is the best course of action. One significant pioneer during this time was Roger B. Tanney, who was the leader of the Supreme Court. During this period, there was warmed political discussion on the issue of servitude. The Dred Scott v. Sanford choice in 1857, this was the primary choice to remove powers from the national government. During this time, the Civil War happened (Nvcc.com). After the Civil War, with the section of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments became wellsprings of intensity for the national government when it went to its ward over the states. By passing laws against bondage and permitting equivalent assurance under the law, the national government enabled itself to implement those laws and in this way upgraded authority over the states. The Thirteenth Amendment nullified bondage and in Section 2 expressed that Congress will have the ability to authorize this article by fitting enactment. By adding Section 2 to the correction, Congress was essentially guaranteeing their matchless quality over the state governments. In addition to other things, the Fourteenth Amendment ensures equivalent insurance under the law to all residents. Since all residents are ensured insurance, it is surrendered over to the national government to ensure all residents are getting these rights. Despite the fact that many idea that the Fourteenth Amendment implied that the Bill of Rights was nationalized, its understanding by the Supreme Court was vastly different. Similarly as in the Thirteenth Amendment, the Fourteenth in Section 5 is enabled to authorize the article. The Fifteenth Amendment gave the option to cast a ballot to previous slaves and says that the option to cast a ballot can't be prevented on account from claiming race, shading, or past condition or bondage. .u3237bf10b975c2fcf653bceff2302a4f , .u3237bf10b975c2fcf653bceff2302a4f .postImageUrl , .u3237bf10b975c2fcf653bceff2302a4f .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u3237bf10b975c2fcf653bceff2302a4f , .u3237bf10b975c2fcf653bceff2302a4f:hover , .u3237bf10b975c2fcf653bceff2302a4f:visited , .u3237bf10b975c2fcf653bceff2302a4f:active { border:0!important; } .u3237bf10b975c2fcf653bceff2302a4f .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u3237bf10b975c2fcf653bceff2302a4f { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u3237bf10b975c2fcf653bceff2302a4f:active , .u3237bf10b975c2fcf653bceff2302a4f:hover { darkness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u3237bf10b975c2fcf653bceff2302a4f .focused content region { width: 100%; position: rel ative; } .u3237bf10b975c2fcf653bceff2302a4f .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enhancement: underline; } .u3237bf10b975c2fcf653bceff2302a4f .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u3237bf10b975c2fcf653bceff2302a4f .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3237bf10b975c2fcf653bceff2302a4f:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u3237b f10b975c2fcf653bceff2302a4f .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u3237bf10b975c2fcf653bceff2302a4f-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u3237bf10b975c2fcf653bceff2302a4f:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Unemployment levels Essay Just as in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth, the Fifteenth Amendment considers authorization of the law by Congress (Nvcc.edu). 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Africans@MIT Blockchain and the Niger Delta

Africans@MIT Blockchain and the Niger Delta Hassan, Sela, and the Niger Delta Hassan K. ‘17 is my friend and former classmate. He graduated last year (as the ‘17 suggests). When at MIT, Hassan (who is from the Ivory Coast) was always highly active in the Muslim and African communities on campus, and would also be a big part of student entrepreneurship clubs and organizations. In addition to taking on roles to revamp the African Students’ Association, he was one of the first students to participate in MIT’s Sandbox initiative. Working with Sandbox staff, Hassan founded a “Hacker House” in San Francisco during the summer of 2016, where he and other MIT students worked on interesting startup ideas and research. Hassan embodies the spirit of risk-taking and acting on bold ideas that I find MIT instills in students so well. His Hacker House ideas didn’t pan out, but Hassan’s sophomore summer, he interned at Facebook. Unlike many college studentswhich might take their intern savings to simply use for their next year at college or spend on themselvesHassan took his paychecks and worked with his high school friends and family members to start a chicken farm in his home country, the Ivory Coast. This farm has now grown into an agriculture technology startup involved in poultry farming, agricultural consulting, and even streamlining drone access to farmers. I asked Hassan for pictures of the chicken farm and hE SEnT ME THIS (!!!!!) too cute. I had heard from the rest of the African community that Hassan got involved in some really interesting work after graduating (aside from the chicken farm!) and reached out to him for this series. We spoke over a video call, from Boston to Lagos. “I just wanted you to see how strong the connection is in Nigeria!” he told me, and laughed. The last I had heard from him, Hassan had been in New York, so I asked him why, exactly, he was now in Lagos. After graduating, Hassan had interned for a summer at Uber ATG (Advanced Technologies Group) which is primarily Uber’s driverless car initiative. He was supposed to go to the African Leadership University for a program in the fall and then return to MIT for an MEng in Course 6 (EECS), but one day met Chi Nnadi, the founder and CEO of Sela. Sela is a technology company born out of Chi Nnadi’s experience performing a project focused on cleaning up the Niger Delta, which many associate with its long history of oil spills and environmental damage inflicted by Shell and other oil corporations. The spill scandals were widely reported on years ago, but associated effects are still very present, and affect the lives of people in the area today. Hassan (right) and Stanley Opara, Director of Partnerships, at a Blockchain conference When Chi went to perform an oil cleanup project in a relatively remote area, the difficulties of hiring others to perform tasks became apparent. The difficulties he encountered on the ground often involved opaque funding management. There was very little visibility into when exactly funds were transferred to contractors, or when contractors were supposed to start projects. As a result, whenever there was no progress, it was unclear which party was at fault. Did the federal agencies who received the funds not transfer them to the contractors? Did the contractors who received the funds pocket them? When were projects to start? All this information remained siloed within organizations, creating a lack of accountability. After encountering this accountability problem, Chi was inspired to try building a method to ensure the safety of his own projects, one that could be useful for many other projects, too. Sela was born, and aims to take advantage of a key development: the now widespread penetration of mobile technology and connectivity in rural regions. Hassan became excited about Sela’s mission after speaking with Chi, and decided to join Sela in the fall as CTO. That was how he got to New York, where Sela is headquartered, and worked on using cutting-edge technology to build accountability infrastructure. Accountability Infrastructure “The thesis of our project is that corruption is about the system,” Hassan tells me. When Hassan says that the “thesis” is to target “the system”, what that means is that corruption is not tied to individuals, or politicians, or particular agencies. It’s really tied to a lack of infrastructurea bit different from roads or water pipelines, but infrastructure all the same. Where there is not a good infrastructure for accountability, corruption arisespeople will absent-mindedly pocket funds meant for a project (such as cleaning up the Niger Delta), or claim that materials were “more expensive” than expected and make budgeting difficult. One example of now wide-spread mobile phone use.   An important element of an accountability infrastructure involves clear, transparent documentation of the actions that need to be taken, the people responsible for these actions, and the real-time status of an ongoing project. Up until very recently, having a real-time pulse of the projects on the ground was difficult. 10-15 years ago when phones or computers weren’t as present, collecting and processing that data in real time was very difficult, and the process involved frequent in-person inspections and visits, formally collecting information in a report. While this manner of capturing this data is a good first step, it can easily lead to long delaysthe inspections must be conducted, a report created, a report sent to higher officials or managers and finally, a decision made. Inconsistencies could occur between different agency’s reports, and at each step of reporting upward, visibility into what’s actually happening on the ground decreaseshow can you make sure that the repor t reaching the prime minister hasn’t been modified on its way through various agencies? This structure can easily create disconnects and information asymmetries that foster corruption. Without a shared truth or a common base of information, fraud and lack of accountability can creep up. Connectivity leads to the flow of information, and collective communication gives rural communities a stronger voice. As Hassan puts it, that voice can be as simple as the ability to respond to questions, such as, Hey, I read that a hospital in your community has started construction. Is this true? Before the spread of mobile technology, outside organizations simply had to trust public reports on these regions, which may be less specific or informative. So how do you build an infrastructure for accountability that is not dependent on a central enforcement agency? Decentralize it. The Sela Framework Sela defines 3 primary actors in a given project. There’s the project funder, which is the provider of the source of capital, such as a nonprofit, a private person or company, the government, etc. Then, there is a contractor, the executor of the projecta person or company hired to build a well, for example. Lastly, there are community members, members of the community where a given project is implemented. Sela’s platform objectives involve creating a network between the project funder, contractor, and community members. The contractor and project funder enter a contractual agreement for how the work is to be executed, and the project funder may decide a payment release planreleasing payments only after a certain body of work has successfully been completed. To determine whether a part of the work has been completed is usually difficultespecially when project funders might be in other countries, or unable to be physically present to appraise the progress. In lieu of the project funder, trained community members act as observers. Through a system that Sela designed, a community member can send text or photo updates of the progresstaking photos of the work completed, for example, or answering project-specific questions by talking to a chatbot. Sela has even considered involving illiterate community members by using voice-first interfaces similar to when you call a bank and “Press 1 for English”, the community member could answer questions in some system of pressing 1 for “yes” or 2 for “no”. This system explicitly takes advantage of the now widespread mobile phone use in even rural regions of most African countries. The teenagers in my own family in rural Ethiopia almost all have their own cell phones, for example, and charge t hem using solar-powered batteries. Multiple community members are trained observers, none of the observers know which other community members may be observers, and no observers have any relationship with the contractor. Establishing this redundancy makes it easy to check if there are any discrepancies between the reports of different observers, and act accordingly if something looks fishy. Over time, contractors themselves could build up reputation this way (similar to lots of 5-star ratings on Amazon or Airbnb) after successfully completing multiple projects without issues. In this way, there’s no need for a central agency. It’s instead decentralizedall the different actors, rather than a central third party agency, hold each other accountable. The project funder holds the contractor accountable through the community observers. The contractor can now hold the project funder accountable, too, to the payments specified, and need not be afraid of being unpaid for work done well. And the community observers each hold each other, the project funder, and the contractor truthful, incentivized both by the fact that this project is happening within their own community, and also payment. Blockchain and Smart Contracts “So where does the blockchain come in?” I asked Hassan, because I had heard this buzzword associated with his name and company often. Hassan laughed, “I didn’t mention that until now because I wanted to explain to you what we do first. We’re in an area where the tech is overemphasized, but I wanted to emphasize the problem we solve firstnow I’ll explain the technology!” Sela plans to pay community observers a small amount for each of their observations, to incentivize observers. The observers are paid for every truthful response, even if the truth is sometimes ‘this work was not completed’. Having a payment system also allows Sela to use blockchain technology, where payments take place via virtual wallets and using virtual currency (similar to Bitcoin, which also runs on the blockchain platform). A physical station in the project region will be set up where observers can exchange virtual coins for cash, and be paid this way. The payments between the project funder and contractor will then also be handled with virtual wallets and coins, and each payment is conditional on meeting agreed milestones. Every transaction between all of these parties can be recorded on the blockchain ledger. So what is “Blockchain”? I appreciate how Hassan recognizes that this is indeed an often over-emphasized buzzword, and prefers to instead focus on the accountability problem Sela tries to solve. But for those of you that have maybe heard of this word in the news or on the internet without much exposure, here’s a brief explanation. The blockchain is not really a “thing”, as it’s more defined by connections between things. It’s therefore difficult to describe (this is why I’m Course 2/Mechanical Engineering lol). Let me challenge something you might think you know well, or at least better than blockchain: what is the internet? The internet is also not a “thing”. It is a series of connections between things. Companies (like Comcast) set up literal wires, buried in the ground, connecting computers and servers to each other, and allow data to be transmitted across those wires. Sometimes there are “wireless” connections, like data transmitted via cell tower to our phones, or via satellite. It would be virtually impossible to take down the internet, because to truly take down the entire internet would mean destroying all connections to all computers and servers in the whole world. The internet also has protocols“http” is our modern-day standardthat establish how all nodes should “talk” to each other, so that information doesn’t end up being sent to the wrong place or in a jumbled format. Blockchain can also be thought of as a connection protocol, and has even been called “a new type of internet”. When all the nodes in a network follow a blockchain protocol, the effects of using it are that data can be distributed, but never destroyed. This way, any transaction that occurs has a permanent record, and there are no questions as to “what actually happened”. If all the transactions related to a particular project occurs on the blockchain, there will always be a record of what happened. A project funder and contractor initiate a smart contract, which is a feature of blockchain that can be programmed to perform simple functions, such as releasing a payment once a project milestone is marked complete by community observers and approved by the project funder. Of course, the gritty technical details are difficult to actually perform and manage, so that is why Sela is trying to create a user-friendly platform, where the actual framework of blockchain is mostly hidden from the users. The project funder, contractor, and community observers can then all operate via verification questions and written agreements, just like the normal legal contracts we have today, and the rest is handled by Sela’s framework. Hassan emphasizes that Sela is still very much an early stage initiative, and they see advantages to rolling out their framework in a gradual fashion. Rather than telling those creating and affected by projects to change almost all of their typical workflow, Hassan sees a step-by-step introduction to their technology as a more sustainable method. Our Modern Continent Sela has been given many votes of confidence as they build their platform. Hassan told me about their talks with different Nigerian federal agencies, who may be interested in adopting their work if successful. As I’m writing this post, Sela is testing their initial framework already. My conversation with Hassan reminded me a lot of, again, the recurring theme of [emailprotected], where today’s successful expatriates or diaspora feel a powerful desire to help African communities in whatever way they can. Many modern governments in African nations have only been around for ~50 years or less, and this means racing to catch up after so much disastrous interference. What I’ve been amazed at is the speed they’re all runningAfrican nations skipped the landline and went straight to cell phones, part of the reason Sela’s work is possible now. With their continued work, we might even see some of the first government-sponsored adoption of blockchain technology, and potentially, a way to “skip” the inefficiencies in many established, bureaucratic central enforcement agencies, too. Hassan feels this too, the exciting pulse of many modern African countries. “Entrepreneurship in Africa is so interesting!” Hassan told me, “it feels like the activation energy for starting projects has been lowered a lot. And the new generation is so much more connected with the adoption of social media and technology. Just sending money, even, is so much easier, better, smoother than before. I was so inspired by Chi because I saw how he was already plugged into the system, had a real career and contacts and a network. The more people we have like this, the easier it makes it for the next interested, entrepreneurial people that meet them.” Many of us, Africans at MIT, have this sense that Africans are more politically active, entrepreneurial, and innovative than ever. Barriers for intracontinental cooperation are slowly being worked ondifferent trade-block and single-passport initiatives by the African Union, for example. The problems are visible, yes, but so much is happening, for and by Africans, to try and address them. Some media outlets will always read this as driven by desperation, or China, or worse, not recognize the tremendous amount of progress altogether. But I hope this series might have given you a little more insight, to see more than a single story about our modern continent. Since this is my last post in the series, I just wanted to share a goofy photo from the African Students Associations Senior Night event. There are so many more incredible people and stories I didnt profile! P.S.in the time I took to write and post this, Hassan himself wrote a great update on Sela’s Medium blog, “Beyond Protocol”, about their progress so far! You can read it here, and to learn more about Sela, you can visit their website. P.P.S.The African Students Association is starting its own blog on Medium! Not much is up yet at the time of posting this, but you can find it here if you want more content like this. Post Tagged #African Students' Association #[emailprotected] #MIT Sandbox Initiative

Geography, Climate and Species of Earths Arctic Region

The Arctic is the Earth region that lies between 66.5Â °N and the North Pole. In addition to being defined as 66.5Â °N of the equator, the specific border of the Arctic region is defined as the area in which average July temperatures follow the 50Â °F (10Â °C) isotherm (map). Geographically, the Arctic spans the Arctic Ocean and covers land areas in parts of Canada, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden and the United States (Alaska). Geography and Climate of the Arctic The majority of the Arctic is composed of the Arctic Ocean which was formed when the Eurasian Plate moved toward the Pacific Plate thousands of years ago. Although this ocean makes up the majority of the Arctic region, it is the worlds smallest ocean. It reaches depths of 3,200 feet (969 m) and is connected to the Atlantic and the Pacific via several straits and seasonal waterways such as the Northwest Passage (between the U.S. and Canada) and the Northern Sea Route (between Norway and Russia). Since the majority of the Arctic is the Arctic Ocean along with straits and bays, much of the Arctic region is composed of a drifting ice pack which can be up to nine feet (three meters) thick during winter. In the summer, this ice pack is replaced mainly by open water that is often dotted with icebergs that formed when ice broke from land glaciers and/or chunks of ice that have broken away from the ice pack. The Arctic regions climate is very cold and harsh for most of the year due to the Earths axial tilt. Because of this, the region never receives direct sunlight, but instead gets rays indirectly and thus gets less solar radiation. In the winter, the Arctic region has 24 hours of darkness because the high latitudes such as the Arctic are turned away from the sun at this time of year. By contrast in the summer, the region receives 24 hours of sunlight because the Earth is tilted toward the sun. However because the suns rays are not direct, summers are also mild to cool in most parts of the Arctic. Because the Arctic is covered with snow and ice for much of the year, it also has high albedo or reflectivity and thus reflects solar radiation back into space. Temperatures are also milder in the Arctic than in Antarctica because the presence of the Arctic Ocean helps moderate them. Some of the lowest recorded temperatures in the Arctic were recorded in Siberia around -58Â °F (-50Â °C). The average Arctic temperature in the summer is 50Â °F (10Â °C) although in some places, temperatures can reach 86Â °F (30Â °C) for short periods. Plants and Animals of the Arctic Since the Arctic has such a harsh climate and permafrost is prevalent in the Arctic region, it mainly consists of treeless tundra with plant species such as lichen and mosses. In the spring and summer, low-growing plants are also common. Low growing plants, lichen and moss are most common because they have shallow roots which are not blocked by the frozen ground and since they do not grow into the air, they are less prone to damage by high winds. The animal species present in the Arctic varies based on the season. In the summer, there are many different whale, seal and fish species in the Arctic Ocean and the waterways surrounding it and on land there are species such as wolves, bears, caribou, reindeer and many different types of birds. In the winter however, many of these species migrate south to warmer climates. Humans in the Arctic Humans have lived in the Arctic for thousands of years. These were mainly groups of indigenous peoples such as the Inuit in Canada, the Saami in Scandinavia and the Nanets and Yakuts in Russia. In terms of modern inhabitation, many of these groups are still present as are territorial claims by the aforementioned nations with lands in the Arctic region. In addition, the nations with territories bordering the Arctic Ocean also have maritime exclusive economic zone rights. Because the Arctic is not conducive to agriculture due to its harsh climate and permafrost, the historic indigenous inhabitants survived by hunting and gathering their food. In many locations, this is still the case for the surviving groups today. For example, Canadas Inuit survive by hunting animals such as seals on the coast during the winter and caribou inland during the summer. Despite its sparse population and harsh climate, the Arctic region is important to the world today because it has significant amounts of natural resources. Thus, this is why many nations are concerned with having territorial claims in the region and in the Arctic Ocean. Some the major natural resources in the Arctic include petroleum, minerals and fishing. Tourism is also beginning to grow in the region and scientific exploration is a growing field both on land in the Arctic and in the Arctic Ocean. Climate Change and the Arctic In recent years, it has become known that the Arctic region is extremely susceptible to climate change and global warming. Many scientific climate models also predict larger amounts of climate warming in the Arctic than on the rest of the Earth, which has raised concerns about shrinking ice packs and melting glaciers in places like Alaska and Greenland. It is believed that the Arctic is susceptible mainly because of feedback loops- high albedo reflects solar radiation, but as sea ice and glaciers melt, the darker ocean water begins to absorb, instead of reflect, solar radiation, which further increases temperatures. Most climate models show near to complete loss of sea ice in the Arctic in September (the warmest time of year) by 2040. Problems related to global warming and climate change in the Arctic include loss of habitat critical habitat for many species, rising sea levels for the world if sea ice and glaciers melt and a release of methane stored in permafrost, which could exacerbate climate change. References National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (n.d.) NOAA Arctic Theme Page: A Comprehensive Resrouce. Retrieved from: http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/ Wikipedia. (2010, April 22). Arctic - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic

Research A Case Study Approach Essay - 1205 Words

Introduction to Research – A Case Study Approach Introduction to research creates a blueprint of psychological research intended for undergraduates at a fundamental level. Moreover, it explains the foundation of psychological research, which is aimed at achieving four key objectives, which if applied to our career goals, will provide self-improvement and increase our marketability. The first three of these four objectives; describe, explain and predict, fall under basic research, while the last of the four; manipulation of emotions and mental constitution, fall under applied research (Crawford, 2016, p. 53). However, these objectives are accomplished through experimental and nonexperimental approaches, classified under two principal research methodologies; qualitative and quantitative. This paper describes the various concepts associated with research discussed in my Psychology class, Introduction to research. Nonetheless, unlike an argumentative paper, this paper is an expository which integrates the terms affiliated with basic a nd applied research to create one logical ensemble demonstrating my learning experience in this course. Detailed Evaluation Introduction to research teaches detailed evaluation by illustrating basic comprehension of research terms used in psychological research. Through persuasive research techniques, it demonstrates inductive and deductive reasoning in scientific theory, which in turn taught me the significance of detailed evaluation, orShow MoreRelatedCase Study Approach : Qualitative Research1428 Words   |  6 PagesCASE STUDY APPROACH IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Introduction Miles and Huberman (1994) present a graphic meaning of a case study by suggesting that it is like a circle with a heart in the middle (see Figure 5.1). The heart is the focus of the study, while the circle defines the edge or boundary of the case. 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Do You Agree with the View That by 1940 Free Essays

Do you agree with the view that by 1940 the main obstacle to Indian independence was not British imperialism but divisions within India? Many people believe that in the 1940’s most of India’s problems involving independence was to do with divisions within India rather than British imperialism. In this essay I will be looking at both points of view and finally giving my opinion. I will be using three sources also to help me show both sides of the story. We will write a custom essay sample on Do You Agree with the View That by 1940? or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will also be using my further knowledge to add a wider range of knowledge. Source 15 is a statement made by Viceroy Linlithgow during discussions with Muhammad Ali Jinnah in August 1940, concerning arrangements for the wartime administration of India. In this source he is both for and against the view of the question. â€Å"His Majesty’s Government could not contemplate transfer of their present responsibilities for the peace and welfare of India to any system of Government†. This is suggesting that England can’t even imagine giving any real power to India. Which means England is withholding any peace for India by not giving them any power. England are also holding back any welfare for India by keeping all the power. However, the Viceroy also says afterwards, â€Å"Whose authority is directly denied by large and powerful elements in India’s national life†. This quote is saying that divisions within India are slowing down the progression of gaining power for India. Even England’s power over India is being disrupted by the divisions within India. If a specialist governing country is struggling to stay in control how is an inexperienced country going to handle one of the largest countries in the world? Linlithgow made the August offer in 1940; along with Jinnah they discussed a whole range of issues regarding India and the war. The Viceroy did make an effort to involve the Muslim community with the proposals in the august offer as well. One of the proposals was â€Å"an assurance that the government would not adapt any new constitution without the prior approval of Muslim India†. This shows that the Viceroy tried to prevent divisions within India. Source 16 is a lot more one sided compared to source 15. Source 16 mainly believes that it is British imperialism that is preventing Indian Independence. This source is from W. O. Simpson, from ‘changing horizons’, which was published in 1986. One of the most obvious quotes backing up the hatred towards British Imperialism is, â€Å"The idea, and the Government of India Act that emerged on 1935, was strongly opposed by one faction in the Conservative Party, which formed itself into the Imperial Defence League. † This Defence League tried to prevent the Act being passed but it was unsuccessful in its efforts, and the Act was passed. â€Å"The Act was attacked both in Britain for going too far†. If Britain didn’t go as far as they did with the act they would have had a more successful reign. In this source there is a quote that suggests that divisions within India that was stopping Indian Independence. â€Å"in India for not going far enough†. This quote suggests that India didn’t believe the Act wasn’t taken out as much as they would have liked. Round table conferences did prove that congress didn’t speak for all of India, and due to the minority of the Muslims in India the 1937 elections were very nerve racking for the Muslims. If Congress came into power they would have been in a very bad situation. The Muslim League needed to win over all of the Muslims and make sure the trials can become fair. Source 17 is much like source 15 because they a both fairly even sided, in what they say. This source is from Rosemary Rees, India 1900-47, published in 2006. It mentions the faults of both British Imperialism and the Divisions between India. â€Å"If only Congress could, in, fact, speak for all main elements in India’s national life then, however advanced their demands our problem would have been in many respects, far easier†. This quote is strongly suggesting that the division in India is preventing the independence. The fact that England can’t get a straight answer from India is making England less confident in giving them independence. They had Congress saying they spoke for the whole of India and they had the Muslim League saying that they don’t and because they are the minority in India they should get an equal say in matters so the Congress doesn’t just make lives for the Hindus better and forget about the Muslims. However, Churchill was adamant that he wasn’t going to give India up. He didn’t even think about it. He knew that he wanted to keep it, therefore in his mind he is going to keep it, no matter what. In source 17 he strongly backs this statement up in saying â€Å"We mean to hold our own. I have not become the King’s first minister in order to preside over liquidation of the British Empire. † This quote just shows how incredibly stubborn Churchill was in his views of handing over India’s independence. It didn’t matter what was happening around him or what was happening in India, India was England’s and he intended it to stay that way. All of these sources mention both points, in different amounts. I personally believe that it was mainly down to British imperialism that prevented India to gain independence. In the 1940’s India found it hard to find independence at all. Though I don’t believe it was all down to England. The fact that India couldn’t give an answer that related to both Muslims and Hindus meant that England lost trust in them. Gandhi was trying to claim that he was speaking for the whole country, whilst Muslims were pleading not to listen to him. It was all very confusing for the English. How to cite Do You Agree with the View That by 1940?, Essay examples

Indonesia Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Indonesia Argumentative Essay IndonesiaThis essay will be on the History in Brief of Indoneisa, the Governmentof Indoneisia, the island of Java, and the Geography of Indoneisa. In early days, the region from India to Japan, including Indonesia, wasknown to the Europeans as the Indies. Chris Colombus was looking for a westwardsea roots from Europe to the Indies when he arrived in America. During 1600sdutch political control began to spread Indonesia. Indonesia declared its independencein 1945 and fought the Dutch until1949 when they gave up their control. At first, the Dutch allowed nationalist movement to delevope. In 1905,it had introduced municipal councils to govern the towns and cities. By 1920,there were 32 such councils, with little electorial franchise. Other councils were also established. They included provicial councilsin Java, and group communities concils outside Java. The government of Indonesia is based on a constitution written in 1945. A president serves as the head of government. The president apionts a sheet ofadvisers consisting of top military leaders and civillians. In theory, the peoples console assembly is supposed to establish ageneral direction of the governments policys. A house of peoples Representatives is the nations parlament, however, inpractice neither the assembly nor the house has real power. Instead, it is thepresident who makes all of the important decisions. The president is elected to a five year term the Peoples Consulativeassembly. Te assembly has 1,000 members. It includes the 500 members of thepeoples representives. It also includes 500 members of regional, occupational,and other groups. All assembly members serve five year terms. The assembly usually is onlyheld once every five years. The 500 members of the Peoples Representativesincludes 400 who are elected through a system that insures that the governmentspotlitical organization win most of the seats. Servicmen have no vote, so theremaining 100 are appointed by the president on the reccomendation of thecomander of the armed forces. Indonesia is divided into twenty-seven provinces. The provinces aredivided into regioncies and municipalities. These units are further dividedinto villages. Officials of all local government units exept villages are appointed bycentral government from lists of people nominated by regional legislators. Indonesian villages elect their own village officials to provide localgovernment. Java lies between Sumatra (to the west), and Bali (to the east).Tothe north is the Java Sea. To the south is the Indian Ocean which Indonesianscall the Indonesian Ocean. The greatest distance from North Java to South Java is two hundredkilometers. From East Java to West Java is over one thousand kilometers. The island of Java has five administrative units: the specialterritory of Jakarta Raya, Java Barat , Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, the specialterritory of Yogjakarta, and Jawa Timur. A chain of volcanic mountains run along the island from west to east. These mountains are apart of a fold in the earths crust which extends fromSoutheast Asian mainland through Sumatra and Java to the lesser Sundra Islands. Java itself has 112 peaks. The volcanic soil is extremely fertile and this aresupports a large population. Tangkuban Prahu in West Java is a live volcanoe that attraccts manutourists. A similar mountain in the Sunda Straights, Krakatoua, is famous forits erruption in 1883. The whole northern portion of the peak was blown away. The explosion was heard over 700 kilometers away. The resulting sea waves causedover thirty six thousand Indonesian deaaths in the low lying of West and SouthJakarta. Indonesia is a country in south east Asia that consists of more than13,600 islands. The islands lie along the equator, and extend more than 5,000kilometers. Many of the islands cover only a few square kilometers but abouthalf of New Guinea (an area called Irian Jaya), and three fourths of Borneo(Kalimantan), also belong to Indonesia. New Guinea and Borneo are the second andthird largest islands in the world after Greenland. .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa , .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa .postImageUrl , .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa , .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa:hover , .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa:visited , .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa:active { border:0!important; } .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa:active , .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Inter Comm Essay